> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.designreference.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction.md).

# Interaction

- [Accot-Zhai Steering Law](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/accot-zhai-steering-law.md): Predicts the time it takes to navigate a constrained path like a curved menu or dropdown.
- [Doherty Threshold](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/doherty-threshold.md): Productivity soars when a computer responds to a user in 400 milliseconds or less.
- [Fitts's Law](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/fittss-law.md): The time required to hit a target is a function of the target's size and distance.
- [Hick's Law](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/hicks-law.md): The time it takes to make a decision increases with the number and complexity of choices.
- [Principle of Contrast](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/principle-of-contrast.md): Different visual elements should be clearly distinguishable from one another.
- [Principle of Readability](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/principle-of-readability.md): Text must be easily legible and understandable for the intended audience.
- [Principle of Repetition](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/principle-of-repetition.md): Consistency in design elements throughout an interface aids recognition and learning.
- [Principle of Scale](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/principle-of-scale.md): The size relationship between elements should communicate hierarchy and importance.
- [Rule of Thirds](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/rule-of-thirds.md): A compositional grid that suggests placing key elements along lines and intersections for visual balance.
- [Gestalt Principles](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles.md): Rules describing how humans naturally group and organise visual elements to form a complete whole.
- [Closure](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/closure.md): The mind perceives incomplete shapes or figures as being complete.
- [Common Fate (Synchrony)](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/common-fate-synchrony.md): Elements moving in the same direction or synchrony are perceived as belonging together.
- [Common Region](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/common-region.md): Elements within the same clearly defined boundary are perceived as a group.
- [Connectedness](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/connectedness.md): Elements that are visually linked (e.g., by lines) are perceived as more related.
- [Continuation](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/continuation.md): The eye is led to smoothly follow lines, curves, and fluid paths.
- [Figure/Ground](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/figure-ground.md): The mind separates the dominant subject (figure) from the surrounding area (ground).
- [Focal Points](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/focal-points.md): Whatever stands out visually will capture and hold the user's attention first.
- [Parallelism](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/parallelism.md): Elements that are parallel to each other are perceived as being related.
- [Past Experiences](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/past-experiences.md): Visual elements are grouped together if they have been previously associated together.
- [Prägnanz](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/pragnanz.md): The mind tends to perceive and interpret ambiguous images in the simplest possible form.
- [Proximity](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/proximity.md): Objects that are close to one another are perceived as being related.
- [Similarity](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/similarity.md): Elements that look alike are perceived as belonging together.
- [Symmetry (And Order)](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/symmetry-and-order.md): Symmetrical elements are perceived as belonging together and are aesthetically pleasing.
- [Uniform Connectedness](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/ux-laws-principles/interaction/gestalt-principles/uniform-connectedness.md): Elements connected by a line or uniform colour are perceived as a single group.


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