> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.designreference.xyz/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making.md).

# Decision Making

- [Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/cost-benefit-analysis-cba.md)
- [Ladder of Inference](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/ladder-of-inference.md)
- [Law of Diminishing Returns](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/law-of-diminishing-returns.md)
- [OODA Loop](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/ooda-loop.md)
- [PESTLE Analysis](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/pestle-analysis.md)
- [Pre-Mortem](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/pre-mortem.md)
- [Second-order Thinking](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/second-order-thinking.md): Putting a lens on the long-term consequences of decisions
- [Six Thinking Hats](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/six-thinking-hats.md)
- [SWOT Analysis](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/swot-analysis.md)
- [System 1 & System 2 Thinking](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/system-1-and-system-2-thinking.md)
- [The Cynefin Framework](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/the-cynefin-framework.md): A Leader’s Framework for Decision Making
- [The Hard Choice Model](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/the-hard-choice-model.md)
- [The Map Is Not the Territory](https://www.designreference.xyz/cognitive-tools/universal/decision-making/the-map-is-not-the-territory.md): Well-planned strategies are still only an approximation of reality


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